Top 10 inventions that change the world,दुनिया को बदलने वाले शीर्ष 10 आविष्कार
Top 10 inventions that changed the world
{From the printing press to the internet, some of the life-changing Inventions}
Many inventions have
changed the world in entirely different ways. The internet and telephone
enabled people to communicate on a global scale instantaneously for the very
first time.
Similarly,
Touch screens and televisions have let people receive and navigate information
in whole new ways, while the Wright bros’ plane and steam engines paved the way
for transportation to become easy, quick and efficient. So here you can find
ten of the most incredible inventions that have, without a doubt, changed the
world that we live in and the way that we live our lives.
Telephone (1876):-
On 18 September 1901, 33-year-old businessman Wilbur
Wright addressed a group of Chicago engineers, outlining the difficulties he
and his brother Orville had encountered when trying to achieve
heavier-than-air- flight. While hot air balloons and gliders had taken to the
air in the preceding century, no one had yet built a working plane that could
power its own flight. Wilbur’s speech provided the basis of the Wright
brothers’ work over the next decade to build what had previously seemed
impossible: an airplane. The Wright brothers were heavily influenced by the
work of predecessors like George Cayley and Otto Lilienthal, but initially
focused their efforts where others had not, specifically avoiding further
development of wings. “Men already know how to construct wings,” explained
Wilbur in 1901. However, they soon changed their mind when it became apparent
that wing design had not been perfected, and in 1902 they constructed the
Wright glider to test out their biplane wing design. The Wright glider flew at
the Kill Devil Hills, near Kitty Hawk on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. By
24 October 1902 they had completed up to 1,000 flights with the glider, with
some flights covering almost 190 meters (623 feet) in 26 seconds. The problem
with achieving powered flight in the 19th Century and before had been the lack
of a suitable source of power. Various experimental craft had toyed with steam
power and even gunpowder, but most either didn’t have the power to lift the
aircraft off the ground or resulted in it breaking apart under pressure. The
emergence of the internal-combustion engine in 1860 would prove pivotal. By the
early 1900s the engines were much lighter and more powerful, and by 1903 the
Wright brothers had the engine they required. On 17 December1903, after a
failed attempt three days earlier, the Wright Flyer took to the skies, the
first powered airplane controlled fully by a pilot to become airborne. Its
first flight, piloted by Orville, travelled 36.6 meters (120 feet), and lasted
just a few seconds. Kitty Hawk is a notoriously sandy area, so to achieve
flight the plane travelled down a monorail track 18 meters (6o feet) in length,
consisting of four two-by-fours. One year later, Wilbur flew an Improved Flyer
II for five minutes.
Television (1926):-
Described in function as early as 1880 by French engineer Maurice LeBlanc in the journal La Lumière electrique, and later named by fellow
Frenchman Constantin Perskyi in 1900, the television was seen by many during
its early development as a total waste of time, money and resources. Indeed,
the editor of the Manchester Guardian, England, famously said, “Television? The
word is half Greek and half Latin. No good will comes of it.” Despite this
scepticism from some, the vision of being able to transmit pictures live over
large distances, continued to drive development into the Twenties. This was the
decade when two major breakthroughs were achieved. In l922American inventor
Charles Francis Jenkins successfully sent a still picture by radio waves and
then later, in 1925, Scottish inventor John Logie Baird successfully
transmitted a live human face on his custom built system. For this, Baird is
now considered as the inventor of the modern television and, furthermore, also
the inventor of color television, with him releasing a color variant in 1928.
Baird’s color television was a hybrid of the earlier mechanical prototypes based
on the scanning of an image line by line by light source, a process that caused
transmitted images to flicker badly that had been developed and the later fully
electronic systems. The television generated images by using a cathode ray tube
in conjunction with a revolving disc fitted with colored filters. The system
worked by filtering the disc’s hues at the transmitting camera and then
applying them over the cathode ray tube at the receiver end, generating a
primitive color picture to the viewer. Later, fully electronic systems
eradicated the need for a spinning colored disc by using cathode ray tubes to
‘paint’ images on a glass screen that had been coated in phosphorescent
materials. Based on these principles, the television was iterated upon
feverishly during following decades, introducing increased image resolution,
greater image refresh rate and more natural and diverse color palettes. Today
the manufacture of televisions is multibillion-dollar industry.
Touch screens (1965):-
Touch screens, invented by English engineer CA Johnson
in 1965, are a key feature of the majority of cutting- edge electrical
appliances; an integral part of people’s day-to-day lives, streamlining their
relationship with computer software and hardware and banishing clunky
peripheral control devices. There are two types of touch screen: resistive and
capacitive. Resistive touch screens work by registering pressure from the
user’s finger or stylus by the conjoining of a conductive and resistive layer
within the screen. When the screen is pushed, the electrically charged
conductive layer touches the resistive layer at that point, causing an
alteration in the current. This is detected by a controller unit, which logs
the touch event’s vertical/ horizontal co-ordinates and action. Capacitive
touch screens work by coating an insulator with a transparent conductor. When
the screen is touched by another electrical conductor, like a human, its
electrostatic field is distorted at the point of contact. This is registered by
a control unit via oscillator circuits at the four corners of the screen, which
vary in frequency depending on where the touch took place. This data is then
translated into X/Y co-ordinates.
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