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Part --- Three
WHAT IS THE APPENDIX?
The appendix
is useful in cows for digesting grass and koala bears for digesting eucalyptus
koalas can have a 4 m (13 ft)-long appendix! In humans, however, the appendix has
no useful function and is actually a remnant of our development. It typically
measures 5-10 cm (1.9-3.9 in), but if it gets blocked It can get inflamed. If it
isn’t quickly removed, the appendix can burst and lead to widespread infection
which can be lethal.
WHY DOES PEOPLE’S SKIN TURN YELLOW IF THEY CONTRACT LIVER DISEASE?
The yellow discoloration of the skin or the
whites of the eyes is called jaundice. It is actually due to a buildup of
bilirubin within your body, when normally this Is excreted In the urine (hence
why urine has a yellow tint). Diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones can
lead to a buildup of bilirubin due to altered physiological processes, but
there are other causes.
Part----- two
WHICH ORGAN USES UP THE MOST OXYGEN?
The heart is the most efficient it extracts 80
per cent of the oxygen from blood. But the liver gets the most blood -40 per
cent of the cardiac output compared to the kidneys, which get 25 per cent, and
heart, which only receives 5 per cent.
WHY DON’T EYELASHES KEEP GROWING?
Your eyelashes are formed from hair follicles,
just like those on your head, arms and body. Each follicle is genetically
programmed to function differently. Your eyelashes are programmed to grow to a
certain length and even re-grow if they fall out, but they won’t grow beyond a
certain length, which is handy for seeing.
WHY ARE WE TICKLISH?
Light touches, by feathers, spiders, insects or
other humans, can stimulate fine nerve-endings in the skin which send impulses
to the somatosensory cortex in the brain. Certain areas are more ticklish -
such as the feet— which may indicate that it is a defense mechanism against
unexpected predators. It is the unexpected nature of this stimulus that means you
can be tickled. Although you can give yourself goose bumps through light
tickling, you can’t make yourself laugh.
WHAT MAKES US LEFT-HANDED?
One side of the brain is more dominant over the other. Since each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of your body meaning the left controls the right side of your body. This is why right-handed people have stronger left brain hemispheres. However you can find an ambidextrous person. Where hemispheres are co-dominant and these people are equally capable with both right and left hands!
COULD WE SURVIVE ON VITAMINS ALONE?
No, your body needs a diet balanced with vitamins, protein, mineral is carbohydrates, and fat to survive. You can’t cut one of these and expect your body to stay healthy. It is the proportions of these which keep us healthy and fit. You can get these from the five major food groups. Food charts can help with this balancing act.
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WHY DO WE GET A HIGH TEMPERATURE WHEN WE’RE ILL?
The immune response leads to inflammation and
the release of inflammatory factors into your blood stream. These lead to an
increased heart rate and blood flow, which Increases your core body temperature
as if your body is doing exercise. This can lead to increased heat production
and thus dehydration; for this reason, it’s important to drink plenty of clear
fluids when you’re feeling unwell.
WHAT IS A WART?
Warts are small, rough, round growths of the
skin caused by the human papilloma virus. There are different types which can occur
in different parts of the body, and they can be contagious. They commonly occur
on the hands, but can also come up anywhere from the genitals to the feet.
WHY DO I TWITCH IN MY SLEEP?
This is known in the medical world as a
myoclonic twitch. Although some researchers say these twitches are associated
with stress or caffeine use, they are likely to be a natural part of the sleep
process. If it happens to you, it’s perfectly normal.
WHAT TRIGGERS THE HEART AND KEEPS IT BEATING?
The heart keeps itself beating. The sinoatrial
node (SAN) is in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, and is where the
heartbeat starts. These beats occur due to changes in electrical currents as
calcium, sodium and potassium move across
membranes. The heart can beat at a rate of 60 beats per minute constantly if left alone. However we often need it to go faster. The sympathetic nervous system sends rapid signals from the brain to stimulate the heart to beat faster when we need it to in ‘fight or flight’ scenarios. If the SAN fails, a pacemaker can send artificial electrical signals to keep the heart going.
Definitions
Systole= contraction
Diastole= relaxation
membranes. The heart can beat at a rate of 60 beats per minute constantly if left alone. However we often need it to go faster. The sympathetic nervous system sends rapid signals from the brain to stimulate the heart to beat faster when we need it to in ‘fight or flight’ scenarios. If the SAN fails, a pacemaker can send artificial electrical signals to keep the heart going.
Definitions
Systole= contraction
Diastole= relaxation
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WHY DOES CUTTING ONIONS MAKE US CRY?
Onions make your eyes water due to their
expulsion of an Irritant gas once cut. This occurs as when an onion is cut with
a knife, many of its internal cells are broken down, allowing enzymes to break
down amino acid sulphoxides and generate sulphenic acids. These suiphenic acids
are then rearranged by another enzyme and, as a direct consequence. Synpropanethial-S-oxide
gas Is produced, which is volatile. This volatile gas then diffuses in the air
surrounding the onion, eventually reaching the eyes of the cutter. Where it
proceeds to activate sensory neurons and create a stinging sensation. As such,
the eyes then follow protocol and generate tears from their tear glands in
order to dilute and remove the irritant. Interestingly, the volatile gas
generated by cutting onions can be largely mitigated by submerging the onion in
water prior to or midway through cutting with the liquid absorbing much of the
Irritant.
WHY DO BRUISES GO PURPLE OR YELLOW?
A bruise forms when capillaries under the skin
leak and allow blood to settle in the surrounding tissues. The haemoglobin in
red blood cells is broken down, and these by-products give a dark yellow, brown
or purple discoloration depending on the volume of blood and color of the
overlying skin. Despite popular belief, you cannot age a bruise different
people’s bruises change color at different rates.
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WHY DO MORE MEN GO BALD THAN WOMEN?
‘Simple’ male pattern baldness is due to a
combination of genetic factors and hormones. The most implicated hormone is
testosterone, which men have high levels of but women have low levels of, so
they win (or lose?) in this particular hormone contest.
WHAT IS THE LITTLE TRIANGLE SHAPE ON THE SIDE OF THE EAR?
This is the tragus. It serves no major function
that we know of, but it may help to reflect sounds into the ear to improve
hearing.
WHEN WE’RE TIRED, WHY DO WE GET BAGS UNDER OUR EYES?
Blood doesn’t circulate around your body as
efficiently when you’re asleep so excess water can pool under the eyes, making
them puffy. Fatigue, nutrition, age and genes also cause bags.
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